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Summarise a numeric sample without hiding missing data

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Step-by-step guide · read-only · Selected G5

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Data & tools
Task requirements

Fill G5:G7 separately for B2:B11. G5 counts numeric cells; G6 is their median or No observations when none exist; G7 is sample standard deviation or Need two observations when fewer than two exist. Referenced text, text numbers, blanks and booleans are ignored. Zeroes and signed measurements count.

Follow the highlighted cells. Switch to Your turn to edit. Answer cells: G5, G6, G7. Browser calculations may differ from your Excel version.

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Notes & examples
About this lesson
Statistical decisions13 min·Growing

Keep the numeric count, median and sample standard deviation together; distinguish a missing sample from a measured zero.

THE QUICK ANSWER01

Keep the numeric count, median and sample standard deviation together; distinguish a missing sample from a measured zero.

G5=COUNT(B2:B11)
G6=IF(COUNT(B2:B11)=0,"No observations",MEDIAN(B2:B11))
G7=IF(COUNT(B2:B11)<2,"Need two observations",STDEV.S(B2:B11))
For the example data
G5 7G6 6G7 6.618876325292973

Enter each formula in its labeled answer cell. These report formulas perform different jobs; do not fill the first formula down.

UNDERSTAND THE IDEA

How it works

Three outputs describe different properties

For the original seven numeric measurements, the median is 6. The count records sample size; STDEV.S describes dispersion around the mean in the same measurement units. No single output replaces the other two.

An explicit sample assumption

This exercise treats the rows as a sample of a larger process and asks for STDEV.S. When the rows are the complete population you intend to describe, STDEV.P answers that population question. Changing the function changes the denominator; it is not a formatting choice.

Supported source values

The ten source cells accept finite numbers from -1,000,000,000 through 1,000,000,000, text notes, blanks and referenced booleans. Only numeric cells are observations. The task does not convert text numbers, infer units or treat a formula error as a valid observation.

Read the full step-by-step walkthrough
  1. Count actual numeric observations

    Enter G5. Numeric zero belongs to the sample. Text 8 and the pending note do not become measurements.

  2. Order the numeric values conceptually

    The original numeric sample is 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20. Its middle value is 6. MEDIAN handles ordering without rearranging the source.

  3. Keep an absent median explicit

    Enter G6 with a COUNT guard so a range with no numeric cells returns No observations.

  4. Use the sample denominator

    Enter G7 with STDEV.S. Sample variance divides the squared deviations by n minus one before taking the square root. STDEV.P uses a different denominator.

  5. Separate insufficient data from zero spread

    One observation cannot establish sample standard deviation. Two or more equal numbers can legitimately produce zero. The guard preserves that distinction.

WHEN SOMETHING LOOKS OFF

Things to watch

Population spread used for a sample

STDEV.P divides by n, so it does not answer this task. Check the signed two-observation case.

Missing data becomes zero

No observations and Need two observations carry different information from numeric zero.

Text numbers are coerced

The declared rule ignores referenced text and booleans. Convert source values deliberately in a separate task if that is required.

About this example

Practice calculates in the local browser spreadsheet engine. Enter each report formula separately; filling down does not create the other metrics. Starter workbooks retain the original ten-row sample; current-data downloads retain current values and formulas. Native Excel and Google Sheets recalculation/edit/save remain unverified.

Browser: testedExcel: not verifiedGoogle Sheets: not verified

Content version 1. Practice checks compare calculated results across different datasets; they do not certify every possible formula.

Reference material